Urinary Tract Infections

What antibiotics are NOT indicated for:
  • Feline idiopathic cystitis
  • Feline urolithiasis and canine non-struvite urolithiasis
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Subclinical bacteriuria (canine or feline) including animals with hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus or spinal cord injury
  • Campylobacter, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens or C. difficile infections
  • Canine juvenile vaginitis

Sporadic Cystitis​

  •  
  • Amoxicillin (± clavulanate)
  • Trimethoprim/sulphonamide
Treat for 3–5 days

Recurrent Cystitis​

  •  
Reinfection, recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections:
  • Amoxicillin (± clavulanate)
  • Trimethoprim/sulphonamide
  • 1) If recurrent/persistent infection, modify selection based on susceptibility testing
  • 2) If recurrence, pending susceptibility testing use the SAME antibiotic for 3–5 days if previously successful
  • 3) Review predisposing factors (e.g. urolithiasis, anatomical abnormalities) - Treat for 7–10 days

Urolithiasis (≠ Crystalluria):​

  •  
Canine struvite urolithiasis​
  • Amoxicillin (± clavulanate) until resolution of urolithiasis
Dietary modification and urine acidification useful for dissolution Consider surgical removal

Prostatitis (Entire Males)​

  •  
  • Trimethoprim/sulphonamide
  • Fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg IV q24h (dogs only)
  • Marbofloxacin 5 mg/kg)
Treat for 2–4 weeks AND perform medical/surgical castration

Acute Pyelonephritis​

  •  
Consult QR Code
  • Fluoroquinolone
  • Trimethoprim/sulphonamide
Consider IV if signs of sepsis
Treat for 10–14 days
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